It can be scary not knowing if sudden memory lapses or other cognitive changes are just a natural aspect of aging or an early sign of mild cognitive impairment (MCI). MCI falls between the cognitive decline associated with aging and the more serious signs of dementia. With MCI, some changes are noticeable but usually do not impede the ability to carry out daily functions.

"It's not unusual to be forgetful at times as you age, but if memory issues are more noticeable, it's always best to get checked out and undergo a cognitive test," says Sara Weisenbach, a neuropsychologist with Harvard-affiliated McLean Hospital. "There are ways to slow the progression of cognitive decline or treat issues that could be causing memory lapses, but the sooner you can identify a problem, the better the outcome."

Senior moments or red flags?

It can be difficult to gauge when memory issues need medical attention. But you probably should consult your doctor if you experience any of the following:

• frequent episodes of forgetfulness, like not recalling a recent conversation or missing appointments
• frequent trouble retaining new information, like a phone number or address
• errors in paying bills or taking medications
• difficulty finding your parked car, trouble finding your way in familiar areas, or minor car accidents.

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