Why do we get older? What switches cells in our body to self-destruct mode after years of perfect performance? Is there a limit to how old we can live to?

If you have ever pondered these questions, then you are not alone. Mankind has been trying to unravel the mystery of aging for the past few hundred years. Understanding the aging process is critical to our ability to understand and treat age-related diseases that currently kill or limit the quality of life of the majority of people in developed countries. Despite recent advances in molecular biology and genetics we are still none the wiser although a number of theories exist, some of which hold more credence than others.

Aging theories can be categorized into two main groups, although there is considerable overlap and interaction between them. Programmed theories of aging state that our body is designed to age and that there is a certain biological time-line that our bodies follow. The ultimate length of this time line is regulated by either genes, hormones, or our immune system.

Error theories of aging assert that aging is a result of damage that accumulates over time. Cells die as a result of wear and tear, oxidation, protein build-up, or by other unavoidable natural processes that causes gradual degradation, particularly of DNA. Other error theories point to free radicals and telomeres as causes of aging.

Free radicals are produced as a by-product of many cellular reactions. These are normally kept in check by our bodies own supply of antioxidants, such as coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10). However, if free radical production is excessive, or if our supply of antioxidants is reduced, free radicals can damage cellular components such as proteins, fats and DNA, destroying tissue and ultimately causing our organs to stop functioning.

Telomeres are bits of spare DNA that live on the end of chromosomes. They allow chromosomes to divide and duplicate without losing any of their genetic material similar to the protective plastic cap on the end of a shoe lace. Telomeres progressively get shorter with every subsequent cell division and shorter telomere lengths have been associated with declining function and numerous serious cardiovascular, neurological and metabolic health conditions. Telomerase is an enzyme that has a protective effect on telomeres and can add bases to their ends, increasing their length and their lifespan. Certain things, such as regular physical activity, eating a healthy diet containing limited or no processed foods, maintaining your optimal weight and reducing oxidative stress through use of antioxidants have all shown to increase telomerase levels.

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