TYPES

Mostly bladder cancers are the transitional cell type, which is sometimes called urothelial
cancer. It is a cancer that develops from the cells of the bladder lining (urothelium). The
cells are called transitional cells. When the bladder is empty, they are all bunched together.
When the bladder is full, they are stretched out into a single layer. Because they line the
bladder, these cells come into contact with waste products in the urine that may cause cancer,
such as chemicals in cigarette smoke.

Transitional cell cancers can behave in different ways. They can be
    â€¢ Non muscle invasive (superficial) bladder cancer
    â€¢ Invasive bladder cancer

Non muscle invasive (superficial) bladder cancer:- Superficial bladder cancers are early stage
transitional cell bladder cancer. The cancer is only in the lining of the bladder and hasn't
grown into the deeper layers of the bladder wall. It usually appears as small growths, shaped
like mushrooms, growing out of the bladder lining. This is called papillary bladder cancer.
Your surgeon can remove these growths and they may never come back.

But some types of non muscle invasive (superficial) bladder cancer are more likely to come back.
They are carcinoma in situ (CIS) and high grade T1 tumours.

Unlike other superficial bladder cancers, areas of carcinoma in situ are flat and not growing
out of the bladder wall. In CIS the cancer cells look very abnormal and are likely to grow
quickly. This is called high grade. It is more likely to come back than other types of
superficial bladder cancer.

T1 tumours are superficial cancers that have grown from the bladder lining into a layer underneath,
called the lamina propria. High grade T1 tumours are superficial cancers, but they can grow
very quickly.

If you have CIS or T1 superficial bladder cancer, your doctor may suggest more treatment than
for other superficial bladder cancers. And the specialist will keep a close eye on you to make sure
the cancer is picked up as early as possible if it does come back.

Invasive bladder cancer:- Transitional cell bladder cancer can become invasive. This means it has
grown into the muscle layer of the bladder, or beyond. Some people have invasive bladder cancer when
they are first diagnosed. Invasive bladder cancer needs more intensive treatment than superficial
bladder cancer. This is because there is a risk that it could spread to other parts of the body.

Squamous cells bladder cancer:- Squamous cells are flat cells that make up the moist, skin like,
tissues lining the body organs. They are more common in developing countries where a worm infection
called bilharzia or schistosomiasis is widespread.

Another one type of bladder cancer:- Another one type of bladder cancer that develops from the cells
in the lining of the bladder that produce mucus. All the moist, skin like, tissues lining the body
have some gland cells that produce mucus.

Sarcomas:-It is possible to get a cancer of the bladder muscle or other structural tissues, rather
than the bladder lining. Cancers that start in the bladder lining are called sarcomas and are very
rare. If you are looking for information about sarcoma of the bladder There is another type of bladder
cancer called small cell cancer of the bladder, but it is very rare.

Sometimes, a cancer that has started elsewhere in the body can spread to the bladder. For example
    â€¢ Prostate cancer
    â€¢ Cancer of the back passage (rectum)
    â€¢ Cancer of the ovary
    â€¢ Womb cancer (cancer of the uterus)
    â€¢ Cancer of the cervix

                                                                                                               To be continued