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The symptoms of lung cancer may include:
• Having a cough most of the time;
• A change in a cough you have had for a long time;
• Being short of breath;
• Coughing up phlegm (sputum) with signs of blood in it;
• An ache or pain when breathing or coughing;
• Loss of appetite;
• Tiredness (fatigue);
• Losing weight.
Other less common symptoms of lung cancer are usually associated with more advanced lung cancer. They include:
• A hoarse voice;
• Difficulty swallowing;
• Changes in the shape of your fingers and nails called finger clubbing;
• Swelling of the face caused by a blockage of a main blood vessel (superior vena cava obstruction);
• Swelling in the neck caused by enlarged lymph nodes;
• A constant ache or pain in your chest or shoulder that has lasted some time;
• Pain or discomfort under your ribs on your right side (from cancer cells in the liver);
• Shortness of breath caused by fluid around the lungs (called a pleural effusion).
Some types of lung cancer cells produce hormones that get into the bloodstream. Pins and needles or numbness in the fingers or toes:
• Muscle weakness;
• Drowsiness, weakness, dizziness or confusion;
• Breast swelling in men;
• Blood clots (thrombosis).
These symptoms are uncommon with lung cancer, but they can happen. Lung cancer growing right at the top of the lung is called a pancoast tumor. These tumors can cause very specific symptoms. The most common is severe shoulder pain or pain that travels down the arm. Pancoast tumors can also cause a collection of symptoms called Horner's syndrome. These are:
• Drooping or weakness of one eyelid;
• A small pupil in that eye;
• Loss of sweating on that same side of the face.
These symptoms of Horner's syndrome are caused by the tumor pressing on or damaging a nerve that runs up from the neck to that side of the face.
Screening means testing people for early stages of a disease before they have any symptoms. It is an important part of health care for some cancers. For screening to be introduced, we need a test that is simple, quick, not too expensive, and not harmful. Current tests such as X-rays can't usually show early stage cancers and they have some risks. The lungs are very sensitive to radiation and frequent X-rays may cause lung damage. X-rays can also find lung changes that look like cancer and need to be checked by further tests, such as a biopsy. The further tests can cause problems for some people.