Industrial Technologies 

Industrial technologies are represented (or involve) by the technical knowledge, technical means and know-how used to produce marketable goods through industrial processes. The technology of producing goods in industries is configured to obtain marketable goods that are desired, useful, usable and safe, economically and to ensure their maintainability.

In general, industrial technologies belong to one of the following five categories or may be a combination of them:

• technologies for the production of (therefore productive) products in the form of discrete units, for example, machines or machine components, devices, etc. as well as non-discrete products with approximately identical structure or properties, measured in volumetric units: ores, flat glass, cement, caustic soda, vegetable oils, pharmaceuticals;

• technologies that improve the properties, characteristics or quality of the product to create commercially relevant advantages, for example in terms of cost, convenience, performance or safety; food salt, encapsulation of pharmaceutical substances, etc .;

• technologies that produce one or more special effects (physico-chemical treatment), for example: anodizing, galvanizing, metallic or non-metallic coatings of metals, waterproofing, fireproofing and dyeing of fabrics, sterilization and pasteurization of milk or other processed foods grocery shop);

• technologies that modify a production process or a manufacturing system to bring some benefits or impacts, such as automation, computerization or robotization of technological processes and operations, manufacturing cells, etc .;

• technologies for the production of technical services, for example technologies for product or process design, software development, process modeling and simulation techniques, etc.

Technology has become, all over the world, a major agent of change for markets and for the structure of industries. Over 50% of long-term economic growth comes from technological changes that increase productivity and lead to the emergence of new products, processes or industries.

An OECD ( Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development ) classification of manufacturing industries, based on the technological intensity of the sectors, takes into account four classes of industries: ^[15]

• industries with advanced technologies ( high technology );

• industries with medium-advanced technologies;

• industries with medium-lower technologies;

• industries with lower technologies.