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Joseph Stalin , surname origin: Dzhugashvili (in Russian : Иосиф Виссарионович Сталин ► Pronunciation ► born: Jehosheba Besarionis Dze Jugashvili in Georgian : იოსებ ბესარიონის ძე ჯუღაშვილი ), n. 18 December 1878 [19] - d. March 5th In 1953 , from a Georgian father and an Ossetian mother , he was a Soviet politician, a former Bolshevik revolutionary who became a Soviet political leader after the October Revolution . Stalin becameSecretary-General of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1922 , following the death of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin , winning the power struggle with Lev Trotsky in the 1930s and fully consolidating his authority with the Great Purge , a period of cruel repression the apogee was reached in 1937 . Stalin remained in power throughout World War II , and after it ended, until his death. From 1946 he also held the position of Prime Minister of the Soviet Union. Marxist-Leninist ideology as Stalin's interpretation is often called Stalinism .
Under Stalin, who replaced the New Economic Policy (NEP) with the five -year plans (introduced in 1928 ) and individual agriculture with cooperative agriculture , the Soviet Union was transformed from a peasant society into a major world industrial power at the end of the twentieth century. the fourth decade, his country becoming the second largest economic power in the world. [20] Soviet agriculture , which was exploited to finance industrialization, continued to be underdeveloped throughout the decade. Collectivization had to deal with widespread opposition to the chatter, in fact, the most industrious and thrifty people of the villages, resulting in a fierce struggle of many peasants against the authorities.
Meanwhile, Stalin argued that the faction of the ruling Communist Party could weaken the Soviet Union in the face of external enemies. During the fourth decade, he virtually eliminated political opposition through the very harsh system of internal exile ( see Gulag ) and executions, and by providing benefits to certain segments of the population, he gained their support or cooperation with the regime.
A hard-won victory in the Great War for the Defense of the Fatherland , 1941 - 1945 , (which was possible at least in part due to high production capacities during forced industrialization ), laid the foundation for the formation of the Warsaw Pact and enshrined the USSR's position as one. between the two dominant world superpowers , a position he held for almost four decades after Stalin's death (in 1953). However, succeeding generations repudiated Stalinism. Stalin's successor and party's first secretary, Nikita Khrushchev , denounced the use of mass repression andthe cult of personality , (in 1956 ). [
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