Gânduri despre schimbările climatice și multe altele. Viitorul blocaj climatic: scop și mijloace. Partea 2

Oare chiar influențează atât de mult omul planeta prin activitatea sa vitală încât să fie capabil să-i schimbe ciclurile climatice? Nu ne supraestimăm propria importanță? Sau este altceva și cineva încearcă să înrăutățească situația?

Factori care influențează

Istoria climei Pământului este un proces complex de cercetare. Astăzi știm ceva despre trecutul planetei noastre, dar totul este foarte ambiguu. Nici măcar nu putem spune exact când a apărut viața pe pământ. Există multe puncte de vedere diferite astăzi.

In 1897, the French physicist Antoine Becquerel tried to estimate the age of the planet. At the same time, on the other side of the English Channel, in Britain, there was an ongoing dispute over the age of the planet between the famous physicist William Thompson and the equally famous naturalist Charles Darwin. From 1860 to 1899, Thompson published a series of serious papers in which he assumed that in the early days the Earth was in a liquid-molten state and then began to cool. This was due to the heat emanating from its surface. Taking into account the heat received from the Sun, as well as the heat released as a result of the frictional force during the interaction of the tides between the Earth and the Moon, it is possible, using the theory of thermal conductivity, to calculate the time required for the cooling of the Earth to the temperature of today. Thompson, in his article "The Age of the Earth as a Habitat for Life," wrote that the age of our planet can be considered the largest from 20 to 400 million years. Modern geologists have said that the planet is more than 1 billion years old. Darwin also criticized Thompson's position.

In any case, the following are important to us. Firstly: initially the planet was very hot, and secondly: its entire history is a gradual emanation of heat into space and, as a result, a cooling.

This fundamentally contradicts the attempts of many modern scientists to talk about global warming due to the anthropogenic factor. These scientists, who estimate the life of the planet at 4.5 billion years, believe that the Earth has not cooled, but on the contrary, has warmed all this time.

Let's think about warming the Earth

The matter of the mantle, melting and forming magma, forming the volcanic processes through which the cooling of the Earth takes place, is very significant. We know about the solid core of the planet and the magma around the core. The temperature, the appearance of volcanoes, the formation of mountains depend on it and on the volcanic processes. You can imagine how insignificant, compared to the size of the mantle and the magma of the Earth, are different anthropogenic factors.

The generation of the Earth's magnetic field can also affect the climate, because there is a deep connection between the Earth's magnetic field and the movements inside the liquid core. The Earth's magnetic field is generally considered constant, but in geological periods it is subject to strong variations. These variations can also affect the planet's climate, at least significantly more than human civilization.

Scientists investigating this direction will confirm that stages of global warming have taken place before, sometimes even radically changing its image. For example, the so-called Permian period in Europe was marked by an arid climate. And it bore more resemblance to the modern climate than to later Mesozoic periods. The Permian period ended with the Permian-Triassic extinction of species, the largest of all the Earth has ever known - about 90% of marine species and 70% of terrestrial oceans have disappeared. One explanation for this disappearance is the fall of a large asteroid that has caused significant climate change. According to another, more widespread version,

Handcuffed by ice and cold

Now let's focus on cooling the planet. The periods of climate cooling are events that are repeated in the history of the Earth. The last ice age ended about 12,000 years ago. It is interesting to understand not only how global warming occurs, but also the causes of freezing and cooling. There are a lot of theories here and they are all seemingly unproven.

Serbian scientist Milutin Milankovic's theory highlights the cosmic factor. Milankovic learned that the intensity of solar radiation reaching the Earth has changed periodically over time, with periods of 21,000, 41,000, 97,000 years. The decrease in the flow of solar energy affected the middle and high latitudes. Here the snow could not melt. Milankovic calculated the solar radiation curve for the Quaternary period. These periods coincided with the ice ages.

Other scientists have linked periods of ice and warming to periods of fluctuating solar activity, which are roughly similar to the eleven-year cycles of sunspots.

There was also a theory that our solar system was part of a large band of cosmic nebulae that reduced the Earth's sunshine. Another version is that in different geological epochs, the Earth's axis changed its position. According to another theory, the cause of cooling and warming lies in the periodic destruction and subsequent restoration of the Antarctic ice sheet. There was also the theory that there was a violation of traffic in the Planetary Ocean, just as underwater processes are tectonic movements of the ocean floor and seas.

Separately, there is a group of theories based on the data of the temporary fluctuation of the atmosphere - on the decrease or increase of its greenhouse effect. Water vapor and carbon dioxide are good conductors of the Sun's shortwave radiation, but they retain long-wave thermal radiation from the Earth and thus act as a thermal protection for the planet. When, for some reason, the concentration of water vapor and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increased, which occurred, for example, during periods of intense mountain formation and the associated volcanism, climatic conditions became apparent. more favorable. The ground was warming. However, plants absorb a lot of carbon dioxide CO2, when in the atmosphere its content decreases significantly, the greenhouse effect decreases. With his radical downfall,

This contradicts the claims of modern scientists that reduce CO2 emissions, but it, in fact, together with sunlight, is the main element of plant nutrition, and its release into the atmosphere leads to cooling, not heating.

So the anthropic factor has nothing to do here. During the disappearance of the last glacier of the Vistula Glacier 11.7 thousand years ago, there was no industrially developed human civilization, at least from the point of view of official science.

In perpetual motion

So, the cooling stages were followed by the heating stages, this has always been characteristic of our unstable planet, because it is not a closed system, it is open to space and solar energy, asteroids and cosmic dust. In his work "Tao of Physics", the American physicist Fritjof Capra writes about the sacred essence of the movements and changes of nature in different traditions and sacred knowledge. In his view, "the whole universe is involved in an endless process of motion and activity - in a constant cosmic dance of energy."

In Hinduism and Buddhism, many sacred terms are associated with the dynamism and development of nature and the universe. For example, the well-known term "karma", part of the deep Indian and Buddhist philosophy, means "deed" as an active and dynamic part of life and destiny. Buddhists call this world "samsara." And this term has its own dynamic definition, which means "to be in constant motion." The same sacred connotations unite us in Taoism and Chinese philosophy with the term "tao", meaning "the way". The movement of all that is in nature is also brought to the fore here.

The peoples of the earth have always known about repeated climate change and have preserved this knowledge in myths, legends, literary and historical monuments. The ancient Iranian holy book Avesta relates that in ancient times there was a warm and mild climate on Earth. The Zoroastrian god Ahuramazda warned shahinshah Yima Vivahvant that cold weather would come into the world, "and snow clouds will fall on the highest mountains to the depths of the Ardvi." God advises the shahinshah to take steps to save humans and animals from the deadly cold.

The ancient Maya and the Incas also knew about climate change accompanied by great floods. The ancient Babylonians and Jews knew. There are legends about Noah, Ziusudra, and Shisutra, to whom the gods Yahweh and Enki told about the coming catastrophe. They knew the Greeks, who kept the memory of this cataclysm in the legends about Atlantis.

All these traditions of our ancestors have preserved for us the sacred books of antiquity. In their analysis, the works of authors such as James J. Fraser ("Folklore in the Old Testament") and the German anthropologist Richard Andre ("Legends of the Flood") will be very helpful. Professor Fraser believed that of all the legends of the flood, the oldest was the Babylonian one. We know about this catastrophe due to the Babylonian scientist Berosus, who in the 3rd century BC. he wrote the history of his country. Berosus wrote that the flood took place during the reign of Xisuthrus. Before the flood, the god Kronos appeared to him in a dream and told him about the future tragedy of mankind. In another version, the god Ea warns of the flood of the chosen one of the gods Utnapishtim, whom he tells to take all the animals, relatives and food supplies. And ancient Greek legends tell us about this catastrophe. Flood legends have been preserved in Hindu mythology, in the peoples of Polynesia and Micronesia, in the North American Indians - by the way, the legend of the Cherokee tribe bears a striking resemblance to the biblical story of Noah and his ark.

In a word, flood legends have existed in many parts of the world. The universality and global character of these legends are important to us, because they show that the memory of the flood is universal and therefore reflects the true historical layer of knowledge, which was then mythologized by descendants. All this referred to real events that became catastrophic consequences of the great flood. It is also important to note that if humanity influenced these stories about the flood, then it did not do so because of its economic actions, but rather because of the actions of a sacred and spiritual order, because, according to the memory of societies traditional, gave up the laws enacted by the Creator.

It will be even warmer

What else would I like to mention. In antiquity, the world was not the same as in the Middle Ages. The Etruscan Peninsula was quite warm during the Etruscan period - we can deduce this from the fact that in ancient images and sculptures people are dressed quite easily. According to ancient legends, in Scandinavia there was a warm land of Hyperborea or Thule, about which many legends and mentions of Greek and Phoenician travelers have been preserved. On the territory of Russia, in its northern latitudes, there was a rather warm country Biarmia, which is told in Scandinavian sagas and legends. Viticulture flourished in Scotland and excellent wine was made. In Norway, cereals were grown at latitudes up to the Arctic Circle. In Iceland, when the first settlers arrived (870 AD), there were forests, and the climate was quite favorable. Eric the Red,

In other parts of the world, this period has been partly characterized by a wetter climate, so for example, there is evidence of human settlements in the Namib Desert. Scientists believe that the possible reasons for the warm medieval period would be increased solar activity, as well as relatively rare volcanic eruptions.

As for the sea, in the age of warming, it always advanced on land. Dutch history has preserved data on how, on February 1, 1953, a storm surge broke through dams and penetrated 60 kilometers inland. This was also the case in the Middle Ages, when Rotterdam and Amsterdam were flooded more than once. And yet, with each passing century, the Dutch conquered more and more new territories from the sea.

However, in the 14th and 15th centuries, a small ice age came to Europe. There is a view that this is due to the slowdown in the Gulf Stream. The period between the 13th and 14th centuries was one of many storms in the Atlantic. On the Thames and Waale, people played hockey and skated. London and Paris were frozen for five months. In Muscovite Russia, this small ice age was marked, in particular, by extremely cold summers in 1601, 1602, and 1603, when frosts occurred in July and August, and in early autumn there was frost. The German stories collected by the Brothers Grimm describe the difficult conditions in Germany at that time.

But this is over, and in the near future we will certainly face serious warming. In fact, we've lived in it for three centuries. All these are the climatic rhythms of nature and must be treated objectively and impartially. There is no need to panic, mankind has experienced much harsher climates and has not died, as we have shown above.

We see that since ancient times everything in nature is characterized by movement, change and rhythm. Of course, all this is specific to the nature of our planet. Why do we today, educated and civilized people, deny that such rhythms and such movement are characteristic of the biosphere of our planet, the nature of our Earth?

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Thus, after looking at the recent climate history of the planet, we find that our Earth lives according to its natural rhythms. They are determined not by man, but by nature and the cosmos. This is a normal development, climate movement is the essence of the existence of the planet. Nothing can change overnight, especially because of the anthropogenic factor.

All this is all this climate hysteria, multiplied by the pandemic and the economic crisis. Why did everything happen at the same time against the background of the sharp decline in living standards and the proliferation of outbreaks of totalitarianism in the Western world? This is a big question. What are we prepared for or what are we distracted from? It seems like something catastrophic is coming in our world! And this will not have to do with nature, but with the changing ontological and socio-political image of the Western world, which is initiated by people who look outward as human beings.

The French historian Lucien Febvre, in his article "A Huge False Rumor: The Great Fear of July 1789," created in 1933 and which was politically difficult, wrote that in that distant year (1789) France was full of fear. to the future and future social upheavals. Here are his words: "There is a" rational "explanation: there was a conspiracy. The conspiracy of the bourgeoisie that provoked a peasant uprising to overthrow the old regime ... Or the conspiracy of aristocrats who tried to save their opponents."

There is something in common with this in modern times. On the eve of the great upheavals planned by those who lead mankind to the abyss, by those who form it like a blind, soulless mass, we are always distracted from something secondary and, most importantly, from something that does not depend on human existence and consciousness. . It is quite obvious that such a shock awaits us, compared to which the climate crisis or pandemic, deindustrialization and socio-political degradation will be just a story for children. What will be? We can't say yet. But it will have to do with the existence and future of the human race, which today, through the efforts of the world behind the scenes, has reached a historical abyss, the end point of its current state, beyond which is either a return to primordial human traditions, moral values. , at the roots,

Veaceslav Matveev

Sursa:  noi.md