As of June 10, 2021, globally, there have been 173 million confirmed cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), including 3.7 million deaths, registered to the World Health Organization (WHO). Despite the strict implementation of control measures and rapid vaccination programs, the number of COVID-19 cases is continuously expanding worldwide. This could potentially be due to the emergence of novel viral variants with multiple spike mutations, which are able to escape host immunity developed in response to natural infection or vaccination.

In both clinical trials and real-world situations, neutralizing monoclonal antibodies have shown good therapeutic and prophylactic efficiencies against SARS-CoV-2 infection. In the majority of the cases, neutralizing antibodies are developed against the viral spike protein, which prevents SARS-CoV-2 host cell entry by binding to the spike protein, and thus, inhibiting the spike – ACE2 attachment. Thus, passive immunization with neutralizing antibodies is particularly helpful in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infection at the early stage.

In the current study, the scientists have derived anti-SARS-CoV-2 polyclonal antibodies from the colostrum of immunized cows, which show high efficiency in blocking viral infection. They have also prepared a nasal spray formulation containing colostrum-derived antibodies and determined its bioavailability in the human nasal mucosa.

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