Mitochondria, Cellular Health, and Aging

Why are the mitochondria often associated with aging? One reason is that mitochondrial dysfunction seems to increase significantly as we age. There are also increasing mutations and chromosomal arrangement errors.

The reason the mitochondria begins to deteriorate with age is believed to be because of their intensive energy producing mechanism. When ATP is produced, the byproducts are free radicals that can cause damage to nearby molecules and in turn to tissues and organs.

Free radicals are molecules missing one or more electrons. These molecules need to acquire the missing electrons to regain their stability. In the process, electrons from nearby DNA, enzymes, and lipids are taken, and the free radicals form a new compound that could prove to be more unstable than the first free radical. For example, a hydroxyl free radical formed from superoxide radicals can cause a lot of damage to the cell membrane, RNA, and DNA of the cell. When the damage is very extensive, it can kill the entire cell.

There are certain foods that contain substances that can mop up the free radicals without becoming unstable themselves. These substances are referred to as antioxidants. They are considered to be very important to the body because by getting rid of free radicals, they can prevent RNA and DNA damage and uphold the integrity of biochemical systems that need to be running efficiently for the sake of your health.

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