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Cigarette smoke is bad for your health.
Every puff contains chemical substances including pesticides, tar, heavy metals, and of course, nicotine. Even secondhand smoke is linked to medical conditions that affect the body—especially the respiratory system.
Smoking inflames airways, damages healthy tissue, and weakens the body’s immune system. Every cigarette has a cumulative effect on your body throughout your life.
Following are five respiratory conditions caused by smoking. It may give you pause to consider quitting now, even if you've smoked for years. It can help save your health and life.
Bronchitis is the inflammation of the bronchial tubes—the airways that connect your lungs. When they are inflamed or infected, less air flows to and from the lungs. Often called “smoker’s cough,” chronic bronchitis makes you cough up heavy mucus or phlegm.
The bronchial tubes connect to your lungs' alveoli (air sacs) where oxygen is exchanged for carbon dioxide. These air sacs are elastic (stretchy) so they can inflate and deflate with each breath. The lungs of a person with emphysema have weak, inelastic (not stretchy) air sacs that exchange less gas than healthy lungs. This leads to shortness of breath and low oxygen levels.
COPD is a progressive lung disease that gets worse over time, making it hard to breathe. Most people who have COPD have both chronic bronchitis and emphysema. Symptoms include decreased lung function, chronic coughing, and shortness of breath. It’s a major cause of disability today, and the third-leading cause of death in the United States.
Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs in one or both lungs. The air sacs may fill with fluid or pus, causing cough, fever, chills, and difficulty breathing. A variety of organisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, can cause pneumonia. While many conditions can lead to pneumonia, smokers are more susceptible and face higher mortality rates than nonsmokers.
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in the United States. Each year, it claims more lives than colon, prostate, ovarian, and breast cancers combined. Smoking causes structural lung damage, but also affects tissue at the molecular level, increasing the likelihood of mutations that promote cancer cells.
The risk difference between smokers and nonsmokers is stark—smokers are 10 to 30 times more likely than nonsmokers to develop lung cancer.
The key to improving your lung health is to quit smoking. Smokers who quit even after a diagnosis of lung disease have a higher survival rate than those who keep smoking.
Early-stage lung cancer doesn’t cause many symptoms. For this reason, lung cancer screening is the only way to detect tumors or nodules at an early—and treatable—stage.
