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Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the world. Despite the improvement of conventional therapies for advanced GC, the length or quality of life of patients with advanced GC is still poor. Resveratrol exerts bactericidal activity against Helicobacter pylori, acting as a GC preventive agent. Resveratrol therapeutic potential against GC initiation and progression is thus required to be surveyed and this is done within this minireview.
Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the world. due to the difficulty in making an early diagnosis for GC, thus most of the patients are diagnosed at advanced stages. Despite the improvement in conventional therapies for advanced GC, including surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the length or quality of life of patients with advanced GC is still poor. There is therefore an urgent need to explore new preventive drugs or therapeutic targets.
Although the host genetic asset, environmental stress, dietary habits and other factors have been implicated in the gastric oncogenic process, there is strong evidence that the predominant etiological factors contributing to the development of GC are infections caused by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and/or exposure to chemical carcinogens such as those in cigarettes and cured meats. The identification and eradication of H. pylori infection in the world population would be an economically prohibitive undertaking because more than 50% of the population over the age of 50 is infected with the bacterium, and eradication would not benefit those with pre-malignant gastric mucosal alterations. The infiltration of neutrophils and macrophages caused by H. pylori infection leads to the production of free radicals, including nitric superoxide and oxide. ROS-mediated stress responses result in gastric mucosal injury, ulcers, and ultimately GC. Therefore, agents that have a powerful antioxidant potential via ROS scavenging or enhancing antioxidant capacity may help to protect against GC initiation and progression.
Among antioxidants, an important role is played by natural compounds with radical scavenging activity, that can be ingested on a regular basis by food intake and exert protection against tumorigenesis. Polyphenols comprise a large class of antioxidants and include flavonoids, anthocyanins, phenolic acids, lignans and stilbenes. These compounds are all derived from phenylalanine and contain an aromatic ring with a reactive hydroxyl group. Within the subclass of stilbenes, resveratrol is the common term for 3,5,4’-hydroxystilbene. Resveratrol is produced by a restricted number of plants (about 31 genera). It is not normally present in large amounts and is produced in response to stress; resveratrol belongs to a class of defense molecules called phytoalexins that protect against infection and damage from exposure to ultraviolet irradiation. Resveratrol and the analogs piceatannol and pterostilbene have been found in several edible natural products such as grapes (Vitis spp.), peanuts (Arachis spp.). berries (blueberries, cranberries and lingonberries, all Vaccinium spp.) and rhubarb (Rheum spp.).
Resveratrol was first reported to exert anti-tumor activities in 1997. Since then, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, and anti-angiogenic effects of resveratrol have been widely studied. Subsequent reports have shown that resveratrol suppresses proliferation of several types of cancers, such as colon, breast, pancreas, prostate, ovarian and endometrial cancers, as well as lymphoma, and affects diverse molecular targets. In this review, we will summarize the principal findings that support the antitumoral properties of resveratrol in GC either as a preventive or as a therapeutic agent.
Article Produced By
Aida Zulueta, Anna Caretti, Paola Signorelli, Riccardo Ghidoni, Department of Health Sciences, San Paolo Hospital, University of Milan, 20142 Milano, Italy
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4588085/
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