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In 1328 , Charles IV of France died without leaving an heir to the throne. The barons proposed his cousin, Philip VI of France , but Carol's nephew, Edward III of England , objected, and Philip seized English possessions in France. In 1337 the Hundred Years' War broke out . [70] The English defeated the French fleet in the English Channel at Sluys, then invaded France, winning the Battle of Crécy., where the English archers, with their bows, shot down the well-armed French knights. They captured the port of Calais and after both camps ran out of funds, they concluded an armistice that lasted until 1355 . In 1355, the English led by Edward the Black Prince invaded France and won a battle at the Battle of Poitiers ( 1356 ). They signed a treaty by which England had large territories in France. In 1360 , France and England were ruled by children — Charles VI and Richard II. The war was resumed in 1415 when Henry V of England claimed the throne of France and captured Harfleur and defeated the French at the Battle of Azincourt., occupying northern France. In 1428 , Henry's uncle besieged the city of Orleans , but was repulsed by French forces led by a 17-year-old girl, Joan of Arc , who claimed to have had visions and heard divine voices ordering him to liberate France. He supported the new crowned French king, Charles VII of France . She was defeated in Paris and captured by the Burgundians and sold to the British, who burned her at the stake on charges of witchcraft. After years of fighting, the French regained their territory in 1453 ending the 116-year war, with only the port of Calais remaining under English rule.
