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The skin is made up of three main layers: the hypodermis, the dermis and the epidermis. The hypodermis is the deepest section of skin, and is primarily a place of connection and fat storage. The dermis contains most of the connective tissues of the skin, as well as nerve endings, sweat glands, and hair follicles. The primary function of the epidermis is to provide a weather- and water-proof layer to protect the body. The epidermis is made up mostly of keratinocytes, but also contains melanocytes, Merkel cells, and Langerhans cells. Because of the large amount of cells and str Luctures contained within the skin, as well as it being the first line of defense, it is not surprising that many different things can go wrong and cause a variety of skin diseases. However, skin cancer is the most important cutaneous condition that needs aggressive research and new approaches for its management.
Skin cancer is estimated to affect one out of every seven Americans each year, making it the most prevalent form of cancer. Light skin color and excessive exposure to solar UV radiation have been identified as major risk factors in developing this disease. The two most frequent types of skin cancer, collectively known as non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC), are Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC) and Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC).
More than a million new cases of non-melanoma skin cancers are diagnosed annually in the United States, with the number increasing every year.BCC is the most common form of NMSC, and is responsible for about 80% of new cases every year, while SCC presents as about 16% of new NMSC cases annually. In addition to NMSC, it is estimated that about 68,130 new cases of malignant melanoma, the most serious form of skin cancer, will be diagnosed in the United States this year, with an estimated 8,700 deaths.
Another disturbing fact about skin cancer comes from some epidemiological observations showing an increased risk of other lethal cancer types in individuals who have a history of skin cancer. This fact combined with the high incidence of skin cancer provides a great impetus for finding new approaches for treating and preventing skin cancer.
Article Produced By
Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Corresponding author: Nihal Ahmad, Medical Sciences Center,
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3060966/
Posted by
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