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In normal, unstressed cells, there is a constant production of reactive oxygen from the mitochondria, which is balanced by the production of antioxidant enzymes in the cell, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase. When a cell comes under stress, this balance is interrupted, and the reactive oxygen species can overwhelm the cells and lead to a change in normal cellular behaviors.
Oxidative stress can be generated by a variety of factors, including cigarette smoke, extreme temperature change, and exposure to UV radiation. Exposure to UV radiation is one of the most important factors in many skin disorders and diseases, including aging and cancer. There are three main types of UV radiation; UVA, UVB, and UVC [1]. UVA is the longest wavelength and is thought to be responsible for many skin conditions including skin aging and skin carcinogenesis.
UVB, a mid-range wavelength, is thought to contribute mostly to the development of skin cancer, although it has been shown to play a role in aging and other skin damage UVC is the shortest wavelength that does not usually penetrate the atmosphere. However, UVC can also play a role in mutagenesis by imparting DNA damage In many cases, the visible signs of skin aging, such as wrinkling, dryness, and discoloration, are caused by or exacerbated by UV exposure. Additionally, other skin conditions that can result from chronic sun and UV exposure, such as actinic keratosis, have been linked with increasing an individual’s risk of skin cancer, which can also be induced by UV exposure as well. UV radiation can also cause oxidative stress in skin cells, which is thought to be another contributor to skin disease and skin carcinogenesis.
Because of the critical role of oxidative stress in cancer and other cutaneous conditions, studies have attempted to assess if exogenous antioxidants can have preventive and/or therapeutic effects against skin cancers, especially since the skin consistently encounters factors that can cause oxidative stress. Obviously, there are many antioxidants that have been studied with varying success rates. Several antioxidants, including vitamins C, E, and the green tea polyphenol (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), have been shown to possess protective effects against cutaneous disorders. As described below, a number of studies have shown that resveratrol also possesses promise against certain cutaneous pathologies, including skin cancer, in preventive as well as in therapeutic settings.
Article Produced By
Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Corresponding author: Nihal Ahmad, Medical Sciences Center,
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3060966/
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Chuck Reynolds
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