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Resveratrol was initially found to have antioxidant abilities and to be protective against cardiovascular disease. The cancer chemopreventive properties of resveratrol were first demonstrated when it was found to possesses chemopreventive activity against all the three major stages of carcinogenesis i.e. initiation, promotion and progression. Further, resveratrol has been shown to have low toxicity and limited side effects, two much sought-after properties in therapeutic settings, especially since a wide range of available drugs are toxic to normal cells. It has also been suggested that this specificity may be due to pro-oxidant activities of resveratrol when exposed to the elevated copper levels in cancer cells.
Because of these properties, several clinical trials were initiated with this agent, including one recently completed trial on melanoma. Much of the recently published data on resveratrol in humans has been summarized. Most of the studies are focused on determining the safety, pharmacokinetics, and dosing, and not much has been done studying effects against specific cancers. It is expected that as these initial trials are finished up and some of the challenges discussed later in this review are addressed, many more clinical trials will initiated and conducted to study the potential of resveratrol against many disease conditions including cancers.
the first and landmark study regarding the chemopreventive effects of resveratrol was done by Jang and colleagues. In this study, resveratrol was found to i) act as an antioxidant and antimutagen, ii) induce phase II drug-metabolizing enzymes (anti-initiation activity), iii) mediate anti-inflammatory effects, iv) inhibit cyclooxygenase and hydroperoxidase functions (antipromotion activity), and iv) induce human promyelocytic leukemia cell differentiation (antiprogression activity). In addition, resveratrol also inhibited i) the development of preneoplastic lesions in carcinogen-treated mouse mammary glands in culture, and ii) tumorigenesis in a chemically-induced skin carcinogenesis mouse model. Since the appearance of this study in the year 1997, evidence accumulated from a plethora of studies, both in vitro and in vivo, have suggested that resveratrol could be developed as a strong chemopreventive and/or therapeutic agent for the management of cancer.
Article Produced By
Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Corresponding author: Nihal Ahmad, Medical Sciences Center,
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3060966/
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